The Sun has unleashed two powerful solar flares that could potentially disrupt modern technology, including internet connectivity, satellite operations, GPS systems, and power grids, according to recent data from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).
The flares were recorded on May 14, with the first detected at 1:38 AM AEST (11:38 AM ET, May 13) and the second at 6:25 PM AEST (4:25 AM ET, May 14). Both events fall into the X-class category, the most intense type of solar flare, with strengths measured at X1.2 and X2.7 respectively.
NASA released images showing the bright flash of extreme ultraviolet light — highlighted in red — emitted by the Sun’s hot material during the flare events. These flares are part of a natural cycle of solar activity that peaks approximately every 11 years, known as the solar maximum.
Understanding the Threat
Solar flares are classified in five strength levels: A, B, C, M, and X, with each level being 10 times stronger than the previous. The number next to the letter indicates the specific intensity — for instance, X2.7 is 2.7 times stronger than X1.0.
Experts from NASA, NOAA, and the Solar Cycle Prediction Panel confirmed that the Sun reached its current solar maximum — Solar Cycle 25 — in October 2024. While this cycle is not expected to be unusually violent, high-intensity flares can still pose serious risks.
Satellites, astronauts, communication systems, and even power grids could be affected if the flares release high-speed charged particles in Earth’s direction. A similar X1-class event in 2023 caused a 30-minute radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean and parts of the western United States.
Experts Warn of Limited Forecasting
Astronomer and astrophysicist Dr. Devika Kamath of Macquarie University, Australia, emphasized the unpredictability of solar weather. “The Sun is continuously monitored by a network of solar observatories in space,” she said. “They provide near real-time data to detect flares and track coronal mass ejections (CMEs).”
However, Kamath noted that not every flare or CME reaches Earth — and even if it does, its impact depends on whether its magnetic field aligns with Earth’s magnetic field, a condition necessary to trigger geomagnetic storms.
“If a CME is confirmed to be Earth-bound, we generally get a 12 to 72-hour notice, which is helpful but not always enough to predict the exact severity or area of impact,” she explained.
What’s Next?
Space weather agencies continue to monitor the Sun closely. While immediate disruption is not guaranteed, the increasing solar activity calls for heightened awareness, especially for industries reliant on space-based infrastructure.
Governments and tech sectors are advised to stay updated through space weather forecasts and take preventive measures as needed during periods of high solar activity.