LOC = Line of Cooperation

On February 25, Indian and Pakistani armies agreed to defuse the tension and maintain peace on the sensitive Line of Control (LoC).

The decision was taken after Director Generals of Military Operations of both countries held discussions on the hotline. The two sides reviewed the situation along the Line of Control and all other sectors in a “free, frank, and cordial atmosphere”.

Both sides reiterated that existing mechanisms of hotline contact and border flag meetings will be utilized to resolve any unforeseen situation or misunderstanding.

It was for the first time after 2019 Pulwama attack and Balakote airstrikes that both sides have agreed to address each other’s “core issues and concerns which have the propensity to disturb the peace and lead to violence”.

In the last one month, there has been no violation along the LoC. Not even a bullet has been fired by both sides. Even the army’s top brass has acknowledged that the ceasefire is holding on the Line of Control.

It is not the first time when the ceasefire was announced by both sides. In fact, the cease-fire on borders came into force on November 26, 2003, when the then Pakistani premier Zafarullah Khan Jamali announced a unilateral truce on all the three frontiers — 772 kilometer Line of Control (LoC), 192 kilometer International Border (IB) and 122-kilometer Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) at Siachen glacier. New Delhi also responded positively and since then both armies decided to hold fire.

For the first three years, the ceasefire was more or less observed in letter and spirit by both countries. The border skirmishes started in 2006 and despite several flag meetings between local commanders, the firing did not stop. Around 15 Indian security personnel were killed in the ceasefire violations from 2009 to August 2012.

Figures presented in the parliament reveal that there were 5,133 ceasefire violations along the Line of Control (LoC) in 2020, in which 46 people lost their lives. Till January 28, 2021, 299 violations were reported on the LoC.

Figures reveal that there have been 3,289 ceasefire violations along the Indo-Pak border in 2019. In 2018, Jammu and Kashmir had recorded 2,936 instances of ceasefire violations with an average of eight cases daily. At least 61 people were killed and over 250 injured.

The number of ceasefire violations was three times more than that of 2017 when 971 cases were reported. In 2017, 31 people — 12 civilians and 19 security forces personnel — were killed and 151 others suffered injuries.

In fact, the 772-kilometer LoC has seen many upheavals. Beheadings, cold-blood killings and infiltration became synonymous with the LoC. 

In an RTI reply, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) said over 2855 incidents of unprovoked cross border firing from Pakistan has occurred on Line of Control (LOC) and International Border (IB) from 2016 to July 2018.

More than 109 people including 35 army soldiers and 21 BSF personnel were killed while 565 people were injured including 302 civilians and 263 security force personnel in the cross border firing from January 2016 to July 2018.

Around 1435 cases of cross border firing were reported from January to July 2018 alone. In 2016 number of ceasefire violations were 449 [228 at LoC, 221 at IB] and in 2017 the number reached 971 [860 at LoC and 111 at IB).

 Twenty-eight civilians were killed in firing on LoC and IB in 2018 against 12 in 2017 and 13 in 2016. In 2018, 140 civilians were injured compared to 79 in 2017 and 83 in 2016.

Twenty-four security men including 12 army men and 12 BSF personnel were killed from January to July 2018. In 2017, 15 army men and four BSF soldiers were killed, while in 2016 eight army soldiers and five BSF men were killed in cross-border firing.

Hope for a thaw has now rekindled after both armies decided to give peace a chance. It has also helped the local administration to accelerate the work on the underground bunkers for civilians in the border areas.

Official figures reveal that out of the 170 community bunkers approved for border areas in Kupwara, 100 have been completed. Work has been restarted on the remaining 70 bunkers. These bunkers are being constructed in Keran, Karnah, and Machil tehsils of the district.

Each underground bunker will accommodate 20 to 25 people. The design and layout of bunkers have been made in such a manner that they will withstand the shells. The highlight of bunkers will be the double RCC slab which will be covered with five feet of sand and mud so that the shells do not penetrate inside.

Similarly, the construction of bunkers in the Poonch district is going at full speed. The Centre had sanctioned 1100 bunkers for the Poonch district, which has been the worst hit by cross-border shelling. Jammu and Kashmir government had sanctioned additional 200 bunkers for the district.

Last year, Jammu and Kashmir government sent a proposal to the Centre for constructing 250 individual bunkers in the Uri sector. An individual bunker can accommodate eight to 10 people.

The ceasefire has had a positive impact on the ground. Farming near the LoC and IB has resumed and people are now moving without any fear. All the shelter camps have been shut as people have returned to their homes. However, troops are on high alert and maintaining a tight vigil to thwart any designs.

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