Drying Lifeline

Amidst the growing impacts of climate change globally, the melting of glaciers has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges. In Kashmir, this crisis is acutely visible in the alarming decline of water levels in the River Jhelum, often referred to as the lifeline of the valley. This season, the river has recorded some of its lowest water levels, with Sangam point at a distressing -0.75 feet, Ram Munshi Bagh at 3.73 feet, and Asham at 1.08 feet. Such figures, unprecedented for this time of year, have raised serious concerns about the sustainability of water resources in the valley. The root cause of this issue lies in the accelerated melting of glaciers, which are the primary source of the Jhelum. Experts have warned that the prolonged dry spells and erratic climate patterns in the region are further exacerbating the situation. Over the past five years, Jammu and Kashmir have experienced below-normal precipitation during the critical winter months of December to February. This lack of snowfall has hindered the replenishment of glaciers, leading to a significant reduction in their size. Rising temperatures throughout the year have not only accelerated the melting process but have also diminished the overall water flow into rivers and streams. Research has revealed that Jammu and Kashmir have lost nearly 30% of their glaciers over the past six decades, and if this trend continues, up to 70% could disappear by the end of the century. The Kolahoi Glacier, the largest in Kashmir, has already melted by approximately 25% since the 1960s and continues to recede at an alarming rate of 35 meters per year. Such rapid melting is a clear indicator of the broader environmental crisis affecting the Himalayan region. The implications of this crisis are far-reaching. The declining water levels in the Jhelum are already affecting water supply schemes across Kashmir. This can jeopardise the availability of drinking water and irrigation for agriculture in the valley. The valley’s agricultural sector, which is heavily dependent on river water, is particularly vulnerable. Additionally, the reduced river flow is disrupting aquatic ecosystems, endangering biodiversity, and destabilizing the ecological balance. While the current concern is low water levels, the erratic melting of glaciers could also lead to sudden flooding and can causing widespread destruction. Addressing this crisis requires immediate and sustained action. Strengthening climate resilience through sustainable water management, afforestation, and efficient irrigation practices is essential. Advanced monitoring systems must be established to track glacier changes and water flow, while academic research should guide mitigation strategies. Policymakers must enforce stringent measures to curb greenhouse gas emissions and integrate climate adaptation into regional development plans. Community involvement is equally crucial; public awareness campaigns and traditional water conservation practices can play a vital role in preserving resources. The melting of glaciers and the subsequent decline in the Jhelum’s water levels call for collective action. Protecting the region’s glaciers is imperative to safeguarding its water security, agriculture and natural heritage. The time to act is now.